3Dresyn OD-Clear aligner resins peer reviewed research
3Dresyn OD-Clear TF and OD-Clear TF LTP are evaluated in peer-reviewed orthodontic research: OD-Clear TF in an aligner mechanical-properties study (AJODO 2023) and OD-Clear TF LTP in an in vitro cytotoxicity study (Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2025).
Results are attributed to their authors, at the material-sample and in vitro level. This is not a clinical, finished-device or regulatory claim.
Vertical: direct 3D-printed orthodontic aligner resins. This page presents research credibility, not clinical performance.
3Dresyn OD-Clear is a family of photopolymers for direct 3D printing of orthodontic aligners and related dental appliances, evaluated in independent peer-reviewed research.
A 2023 study in the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics characterised the mechanical properties of OD-Clear TF as a direct-print aligner resin. A 2025 open-access study in the Korean Journal of Orthodontics assessed the in vitro cytotoxicity of OD-Clear TF LTP on human oral fibroblasts. OD-Clear TF is the primary material of the mechanical study; OD-Clear TF LTP is the material in the cytotoxicity study.
Results below are attributed to their authors and are not first-party performance claims by 3Dresyns. They are material-sample (mechanical) and in vitro (cytotoxicity) findings under laboratory conditions, not clinical efficacy claims, not evidence of finished-device conformity, and not a substitute for the biological, mechanical, workflow and regulatory validation of any final dental appliance.
The peer-reviewed studies
OD-Clear TF in a peer-reviewed aligner mechanical-properties study
A 2023 study in the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (Shirey et al.) compared the mechanical properties of direct 3D-printed and thermoformed orthodontic aligner materials. One of the two direct-print resins tested was 3Dresyn OD-Clear TF (3DResyns, Barcelona). Samples were measured dry and after 7 days in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C, to represent the moist oral environment, using a dynamic mechanical analyzer and an Instron testing system for elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength and stress relaxation.
Primary-source attribution: the Methods name OD-Clear TF (3DResyns, Barcelona, Spain) as one of two direct 3D-printing resins under test. This is a primary-source material attribution, not a hub claim.
- Elastic modulus of OD-Clear TF was about 38.4 MPa (dry) and 38.3 MPa (wet), essentially unchanged by moisture, in contrast to the comparator materials, whose modulus shifted substantially between dry and wet.
- Ultimate tensile strength was about 9.34 MPa (dry) and 8.27 MPa (wet).
- Residual stress was about 4.39% (wet) at 2% strain held for 2 hours.
- These are material-sample results comparing OD-Clear TF with a second printed resin and two thermoformed materials, not a ranking and not a clinical claim.
All figures here are material-sample results reported by the authors, not properties claimed by 3Dresyns.
OD-Clear TF LTP in an in vitro cytotoxicity study on oral fibroblasts
A 2025 open-access study in the Korean Journal of Orthodontics (Bandić et al.) assessed the in vitro cytotoxicity of three 3D-printed aligner materials and one thermoformed reference on human oral fibroblasts. The printed materials included 3Dresyn OD-Clear TF LTP (Resyner Technologies S.L., Barcelona). Samples were immersed in artificial saliva at 37 °C for 7 and 14 days (per ISO 10993-12), and cell viability was then measured with the CCK-8 assay (per ISO 10993-5).
Primary-source attribution: the Methods name material A as 3Dresyn OD-Clear TF LTP (Resyner Technologies S.L., Barcelona, Spain). This is a primary-source material attribution.
- Under the ISO 10993-5 threshold (a sample is considered cytotoxic below 70% cell viability), OD-Clear TF LTP stayed above 70% under most tested conditions.
- The authors report that OD-Clear TF LTP and the thermoformed reference produced a non-cytotoxic response within the tested in vitro design, with cell viability remaining above the ISO 10993-5 threshold, while the other two printed resins showed cytotoxic effects under certain high-concentration, long-incubation conditions.
- No statistically significant difference was found between the 7-day and 14-day aligner-wear protocols.
- The authors note this is an in vitro study and that in vivo work is needed; the conclusion is bounded by the tested conditions.
The cited studies name OD-Clear TF and OD-Clear TF LTP. Product naming and current commercial routes should be checked against the current 3Dresyns dental catalogue.
In vitro results reported by the authors, not a clinical, finished-device or regulatory claim.
Why OD-Clear
Why OD-Clear for direct-printed aligners
OD-Clear TF / OD-Clear TF LTP
- Designed for direct 3D printing of aligners and related dental appliances on professional SLA, DLP and LCD workflows. The OD-Clear TF LTP datasheet positions it for aligners, night guards and occlusal splints.
- Tough and foldable behaviour with a shape-memory (4D SMP) architecture, suited to removable-appliance geometries under cyclic load.
- Characterised in independent research: a low, wet-stable elastic modulus in the mechanical study (AJODO 2023) and a non-cytotoxic response within the tested in vitro design in the cytotoxicity study (Korean J. Orthodontics 2025).
These points describe why the material was used. The reported values are material-sample and in vitro results; final-device suitability is out of scope and is the responsibility of the legal manufacturer.
Evidence at a glance
What each study used and reported
| Study | 3Dresyns material → role | Test / standard | Reported result (material-sample / in vitro) | Journal | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aligner mechanical properties | OD-Clear TF → direct-print aligner resin under test | DMA + Instron; 7 days in PBS at 37 °C | Elastic modulus ~38 MPa, essentially unchanged dry vs wet; ultimate tensile strength ~9.3 / 8.3 MPa; residual stress ~4.4% | AJODO | 2023 |
| In vitro cytotoxicity | OD-Clear TF LTP → direct-print aligner resin under test | CCK-8, ISO 10993-5; artificial saliva 7 and 14 days | Stayed above the ISO 10993-5 cell-viability threshold (70%) under most conditions; a non-cytotoxic response within the in vitro design, per the authors | Korean J. Orthod | 2025 |
Mobile: scroll horizontally to view all columns; the first column stays visible. Every value is a material-sample or in vitro result reported by the authors, not a clinical, finished-device or regulatory claim.
Research scope and regulatory firewall
What these studies show, and what they do not
These studies characterise OD-Clear materials under laboratory conditions and build dental research credibility. They do not establish clinical performance or finished-device conformity.
The cited studies evaluate 3Dresyns orthodontic materials under laboratory conditions. Reported values are material-sample or in vitro findings published by the authors. They are not first-party performance claims by 3Dresyns, not clinical efficacy claims, not evidence of finished-device conformity and not a substitute for biological, mechanical, workflow and regulatory validation of the final dental appliance.
3Dresyns dental materials are supplied as professional manufacturing materials and are not marketed as finished medical devices. The regulatory classification, conformity assessment, validated workflow and final clinical use of any aligner, splint or dental appliance manufactured with these materials remain the responsibility of the legal manufacturer under applicable regulations, including Regulation (EU) 2017/745.
Related products
What the studies used
The studies named OD-Clear TF (mechanical study) and OD-Clear TF LTP (cytotoxicity study). Current OD-Clear dental grades and commercial routes should be checked against the current 3Dresyns dental catalogue.
Frequently asked questions
What role do OD-Clear TF and OD-Clear TF LTP play in this research?
They are materials under test in two peer-reviewed studies. OD-Clear TF was one of the direct-print aligner resins characterised in a 2023 AJODO mechanical-properties comparison. OD-Clear TF LTP was one of the printed materials assessed in a 2025 Korean Journal of Orthodontics in vitro cytotoxicity study on human oral fibroblasts. The results are reported by the authors.
Are these clinical, biological or regulatory claims for 3Dresyns materials?
No. They are material-sample (mechanical) and in vitro (cytotoxicity) findings obtained under laboratory conditions. They are not clinical efficacy claims, not evidence of finished-device conformity, and not a substitute for biological, mechanical, workflow and regulatory validation of the final dental appliance. Aligners are medical devices, and the regulatory classification, conformity assessment and clinical use of any appliance remain the responsibility of the legal manufacturer under applicable regulations, including Regulation (EU) 2017/745.
What did the studies actually report for OD-Clear?
In the AJODO 2023 study, OD-Clear TF showed an elastic modulus of about 38 MPa that was essentially unchanged between dry and wet samples, distinct from the comparator materials whose modulus shifted with moisture. In the Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2025 study, OD-Clear TF LTP stayed above the ISO 10993-5 cell-viability threshold of 70% under most tested conditions; the authors report a non-cytotoxic response within the tested in vitro design.
Which 3Dresyns materials are confirmed, and how?
Both are named in the papers' Methods sections. OD-Clear TF (3DResyns, Barcelona) appears in the AJODO 2023 study; OD-Clear TF LTP (Resyner Technologies S.L., Barcelona) appears in the Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2025 study. These are primary-source attributions, not marketing claims. Product naming and current commercial routes should be checked against the current 3Dresyns dental catalogue.
Research materials
Research materials for direct-printed aligner studies
3Dresyn OD-Clear is the photopolymer family behind the direct-printed aligner research summarised on this page. On professional SLA, DLP and LCD workflows, OD-Clear materials let research groups and dental laboratories print aligner-type samples and study their mechanical behaviour and in vitro response. The two peer-reviewed studies above name OD-Clear TF (mechanical properties) and OD-Clear TF LTP (in vitro cytotoxicity) in their Methods. For teams working on direct-printed orthodontic aligners, the product and resource links on this page correspond to the materials named in the cited research. Reported figures are material-sample and in vitro results, this is not a clinical or regulatory claim, and the final dental appliance, its conformity assessment and its clinical use remain the responsibility of the legal manufacturer under applicable regulations, including Regulation (EU) 2017/745.
Get the materials
The materials behind the direct-printed aligner research on this page: 3Dresyn OD-Clear TF LTP and the wider OD-Clear dental range, with the technical resources to print them.
The cited studies evaluate 3Dresyns orthodontic materials under laboratory conditions. Reported values are material-sample or in vitro findings published by the authors. They are not first-party performance claims by 3Dresyns, not clinical efficacy claims, not evidence of finished-device conformity and not a substitute for biological, mechanical, workflow and regulatory validation of the final dental appliance.
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Browse the full catalogue of peer-reviewed publications, market analyses and reviews referencing 3Dresyns materials.